Symbiosis with rhizobial bacteria is a strategy legumes employ to meet one stress – the challenge of nitrogen limitation. In previous work, this research team has documented a degradation of this symbiosis in the long-term nitrogen fertilization plots at the W. K. Kellogg Biological Station (KBS), where rhizobia from high N plots were less beneficial for host plants. However, nitrogen availability is only one dimension of the environmental context in which the clover-rhizobium symbiosis exists. How does a system so sensitively tuned to one stressor (e.g., nitrogen) respond when confronted with another major environmental stressor? Does the partnership collapse under the pressure of multiple and potentially conflicting constraints, or do the eco-evolutionary feedbacks inherent in the symbiosis contribute to rapid adaptation? To what extent are relationships with other partners (e.g., “symbionts of symbionts” and members of the plant microbiome) involved in the response? Tony Yannarell and Kevin Ricks investigate the constraints that may limit adaptation to multiple stressors (nitrogen, drought) using the clover-rhizobium symbionts from KBS plots. They hypothesize that relationships with a broad array of partners in the microbiome can help the clover-rhizobium symbioses adapt to multiple environmental stressors.