Interactive effects of light, nitrogen, and a keystone species on plant-soil feedbacks

Investigating how ecological changes that weaken pairwise mutualisms affect the broader community.
  • Nitrogen has multiple ecological effects (increased soil N, reduced light, reduced legume abundance) that are predicted to weaken the mutualism between legumes and rhizobia.
  • It’s unknown whether these ecological changes alter soil microbes in ways that also affect non-legume plants.

Description

GEMS trainee Mackenzie Caple collected soils from a related eco-evolutionary Core Project investigating how nitrogen enrichment causes the decline of rhizobium mutualist quality. The study addressed the research question: Does nitrogen directly cause this change, or are the effects indirect via changes in light availability or legume host abundance? Soil microbes from this experiment were inoculated onto eight species of individual plants to see whether changes in soil microbes affected different species similarly. Results showed that changes in microbial communities altered functional trait expression. Overall, plants had higher specific leaf area (SLA) when grown with microbes that had evolved in high-light environments. Higher SLA is generally considered an adaptive trait for higher light, indicating that broad microbial communities may evolve in ways that help plants acclimate to their environment. However, plant fitness did not differ between the different treatments.

Photo of clover leaf laying flat on a white surface and labeled 180
A clover leaf sampled to measure specific leaf area (SLA). Photo courtesy Mackenzie Caple.
Photo of experiment setup of hundreds of tubes with plants in a greenhouse.
Experimental setup. Photo courtesy Mackenzie Caple.
Series of 8 bar graphs for results across 8 plant species of brome, clover, goldenrod, oatgrass, oarchardgrass, qalace, timothy, and yarrow. Graphs show SLA by microbe history (nitrogen fertilization, clover density, light level).
Graph of experimental results. Courtesy Mackenzie Caple.

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